中国特色自由贸易港政策制度体系创新的基点与内涵探讨

国家确立了构建自由贸易港政策制度体系的战略任务,但目前各界对自由港、自由贸易港内涵的认识仁者见仁、智者见智,对自由贸易试验区与自由贸易港关系的理解也多种多样。本文通过梳理自由港的本源“基因”和历史“进货”路径,从自由港与各类特殊经济功能区发展的关系角度,阐述自由贸易港政策和制度体系创新的一些基本点,提出了推进中国特色自由贸易港事业的“三合一”基本框架,即“汲取传统自由港的理念精华、服务国家重大战略实践需求、着眼未来创新构架政策制度”。

Research on the Starting Point and Connotation of Policy Design and Institutional Innovation for the Free Trade Port with Chinese Characteristics

In April 2018,Chinese leaders announced the strategic task of constructing the policy and institutional system of free trade port in Hainan Province.There were a lot of discussions on the policy regime of the free trade port.But overall,the connotation of free port or free trade port still remains undefined,and the understanding of the relationship between pilot free trade zones and free trade ports is also mostly superficial.This paper sorts out the originating"gene"and historical"evolution"of free port.The paper puts forward that the location of port city,the function of shipping trade and the special management system based on the historical analysis are the three"genes"of free port.And the"city state"(also called city-state free body,etc.),or the transnational(cross-sovereignty)political and economic arrangement under the specific historical background are the recessive"gene"of free port.This paper analyzes the development path of various special economic zones based on the concept of free port in the contemporary era,and also discusses in detail how to implement the key issues of transformation from pilot free trade zones to free trade ports in China.From the perspective of the relationship between free ports and the development of various special economic function zones,we attempt to elaborate some basic points of the policy and institutional innovation of free trade ports,and propose a rational and basic"three-in-one"thinking framework for the cause of free trade ports with Chinese characteristics:First of all,we need to grasp the essence of the traditional free port in a historical way and endow the free trade port with a rational modern positioning that is in harmony with the times;Second,we need to objectively grasp the profound changes in the external environment for the development of globalization,promote new innovation policy systems for the national opening strategy and explore the implementation path;Third,we need to be keenly aware of the new demands of new technologies,new economies and new markets in the future,and provide policy and institutional solutions for leading change and innovation based on the trend.