知识—认知共同体与东亚地区公共卫生治理——中日合作的必要与前景

突如其来的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情给东亚地区带来很大挑战,东亚国家成为中国以外确诊病例较多的国家,这也在一定程度上反映了近年来东亚地区经济社会一体化空前深化的客观事实。东亚地区一体化源于危机,也是在“转危为机”中得到发展,东亚金融治理机制的发展就是很好的例证。与以强制执行力为基础的国家治理不同,国际治理需要在地区国家间构建以相关科学知识共识为基础的地区性知识权威以及以政治和社会舆论认知共识为基础的地区性认知权威提供保障。作者将从知识和认知的新视角出发,探讨东亚公共卫生治理机制的理论与政策问题。包括东亚地区公共卫生治理在内的功能性国际治理能够有效并且有持续性,需要两个层面的与知识相关的共同体:一个是传统国际关系理论意义上以专业科学知识为基础的专家网络知识共同体,另一个是超越上述专业知识、具有跨国合作解决功能性难题共识的更加一般性的政治和社会认知共同体。中国与日本作为世界上第二和第三大经济体,在公共卫生领域取得了突破性的成绩。作为非西方世界两个正在崛起和已经崛起的大国,中日具有知识上的巨大互补性。中日合作可以为国际公共卫生领域新的规范建构提出更多“东亚智慧”,起到政治引领作用,为东亚地区培育和强化命运共同体意识以及健全完善全球治理体系做出重大贡献。

Epistemic Communities and the Regional Public Health in East Asia:The Necessity and Prospects of Sino-Japanese Cooperation

The sudden outbreak of the Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)brings about daunting challenges to East Asia as several states in the region are among the most affected countries outside of China,which indicates an unprecedented regional economic and social integration in recent years.The East Asian regional integration originated and developed in crises,which is clearly reflected in the regional financial governance.In contrast of the coerciveness-based domestic governance in terms of implementation,international governance depends on the formation of the knowledge authority and perception authority among the regional states.This article aims to analyze the theoretical and policy issues of the regional public health governance in East Asia.The author argues that the efficiency and the sustainability of the regional public health governance need to be guaranteed by two epistemic communities.One is a regional network of the highly recognized and authoritative experts with relevant scientific expertise.Another is a more general political and social community with a cognizant consensus of addressing the functional problems via regional cooperation.As the second and the third biggest economies in the world,both China and Japan have made great achievements in the field of public health.They are also intellectually complementary in terms of public health development experience.Sino-Japanese cooperation in the public health domain could facilitate the formation of the new international norms deriving from the East Asian wisdom,provide political leadership for nurturing regional community identity,and contribute to the improvement of the global public health governance.