基于违背外延推理的谬误原因

人们在实际推理活动中经常会出现系统的逻辑错误或偏差,心理学中称之为谬误,其中一类是基于违背外延推理的谬误。目前,研究者发现的这类谬误有结合谬误、语义分类谬误、范畴归纳谬误和相反的结合谬误。对于产生这些谬误的原因,Slomam提出了前提与结论之间的相似性理论,Tversky和Kahneman提出了认知错觉假设理论,Jonsson和Hampton认为是主名词的中心性导致的结果。笔者认为心理模型理论也可以解释这些谬误产生的原因。

Reason Fallacy Based on Being Against Extensional Reasoning

In reality reasoning systems,people often have logic error or bias,which is called the Fallacy in Psychology.One of them is based on being against extensional reasoning.At present,researchers found that Conjunction fallacy,Semantic classification fallacy,Category classifying fallacy and inverse conjunction fallacy.How to explain these fallacies？ Sloman raised the similarities between the premise and conclusions.Tversk and Kahneman proposed cognitive illusion hypothesis.Jonsson and Hampton considered the Centrality of the main terms being the result.In the author＇s opinion mental model theory can also explain the causes of these fallacies.