外商直接投资与中国技术效率增进——基于随机前沿生产模型的经验分析

本文首先运用了超越对数生产函数形式的随机前沿模型对中国各省市的技术效率进行了测算,然后在控制市场化程度、人力资本的情况下,检验了服务业FDI和制造业FDI对各省市技术效率的长短期效应,并分析了其区域间差异。本文发现:(1)在短期,服务业FDI会促进我国各省市技术效率水平的提高,而制造业FDI则具有显著的抑制作用;但从长期看,制造业FDI会产生明显的正向技术溢出效应,而服务业FDI则会抑制我国技术效率的提高。(2)两类FDI影响技术效率的长短期效应在不同地区和全国的情况并无差异,不过,东部地区的外资对技术效率的短期效应和长期累积效应都要比中西部地区明显一些。(3)人力资本存量的增加可以显著提高各省市技术效率。对外开放程度、金融市场化程度以及劳动力市场化程度的提高也会对各省市的技术效率产生积极影响。

Foreign Direct Investment and China's Technical Efficiency Improvement: An Empirical Analysis based on Stochastic Frontiers Production Model

The paper measures the technical efficiency by SFA.By controlling the human capital and the market-oriented level, the effect of FDI in service and manufacturing on the technical efficiency is estimated based on the panel data of China′s 15 provinces during the period of 1998～2004.We find that,(1) with different relative ability gap and different implications for their respective potential of technology transfer, the efficiency of FDI in service and the technical efficiency is positively related while negative FDI spillover is found in manufacturing in short-term, however, the condition is adverse in long-term;(2) comparing with middle and western area, FDI in eastern area has more effect on technical efficiency; (3)the human capital and development of institutional environment are positively related with the technical efficiency.