试论国际竞争力的理论概念与分析方法

所谓国际竞争力，有产品竞争力，企业竞争力，产业竞争力以及国家竞争力之分。从经济学视角看，关于各类竞争力的讨论分别对应着微观，中观和宏观层次。对各类竞争力主体内容的深入剖析更为清楚地表明，由于所分析的竞争力种类不同以及分析目的不同，对竞争力的分析范式也就相应不同。在产业竞争优势理论框架下设立的经济分析范式既可以用于分析以国家为主体的产品国家竞争力，在一定意义上也可以用于分析企业国际竞争力。价值链的分析方法则提供了评价一国某一产业中某种生产经营活动具有何种国际竞争力的思路。各种显示性能指标和分析性指标可以用来测度产品和产业国际竞争力，以及说明相对竞争优势和绝对竞争优势。

International Competitiveness:Concept Formulation and Analytical Measurement

International competitiveness can be classified into the competitiveness of product, of enterprise , of industry, and of nation. From the economic perspective, the discussions on the various kinds of competitiveness can find their loci on the micro, meso, and macro levels respectively. The thorough review on the subjects of various kinds of competitiveness explicitly shows that the canonical forms of analyzing competitiveness shall vary due to the differences in terms of the kind of competitiveness and the aim to examine competitiveness. The canonical forms for making economic analysis based on the theoretical framework of competitive edge of industry can be used to examine not only the national competitiveness of product but also the international competitiveness of enterprise in certain sense. The analytical methodology of value chain theory provides a way to evaluate the international competitiveness of certain production and business conducted by certain industry of a nation. The various display and analysis indexes can be employed to measure the international competitiveness of product and of industry, and to explain the comparative and absolute advantages as well.