要素扭曲对我国制造业企业出口生存的影响研究

在构建要素扭曲和出口市场理论模型的基础上，分析了资本、劳动力和总体要素扭曲对制造业企业出口生存状况的效应。实证分析结论表明：要素扭曲对企业出口生存状态具有比较强的解释力度，也说明中国出口市场上制造业企业频繁退出与进入的现象部分原因归结于国内要素市场不完善而造成的企业间要素配置效率的差异。其中，资本扭曲对企业参与出口市场持续时间的影响是负面的，而劳动力扭曲是正面影响；资本扭曲对企业-目的地的贸易伙伴持续时间的负面影响，比劳动力扭曲的影响更大一点。虽然资本扭曲在一定程度上有利于延长企业-产品持续时间，但是劳动力扭曲的负面影响更大，总体上要素扭曲对企业-产品出口生存状况也产生了不利影响。

Study on the Impact of Factor Distortion on the Export Survival of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises

On the basis of constructing a theoretical model of factor distortion and export market, this article analyzes the effects of capital, labor force, and overall factor distortion on the export survival status of manufacturing enterprises. The empirical analysis of this paper shows that factor distortion has a strong explanation for enterprises" export survival state, and also indicates that the frequent exit and entry of manufacturing enterprises in China"s export market is partly due to the difference in factor allocation efficiency among enterprises caused by the imperfection of domestic factor market. Among them, capital distortion has a negative impact on the duration of enterprises" participation in export market, while labor distortion has a positive impact. Capital distortions have a slightly greater negative impact on the duration of firm-destination trading partners than labor distortions. Although capital distortion is beneficial to prolong the duration of enterprise-product to some extent, labor distortion has a greater negative impact, and overall factor distortion has a negative impact on the survival of enterprise-product export.