中国企业孵化的空间溢出效应——来自35个大中城市的实证研究

区域创新基础深刻影响科技创业过程，空间网络化联结以及信息技术渗透又使得企业孵化要素呈跨区域流动特征。目前关于企业孵化投入产出的研究忽略了空间相关性，导致研究结果出现偏误。超越组织边界的合作使得企业孵化过程呈现叠加效应，推动跨区域合作；而创业项目的争夺又引发区域竞争，形成企业孵化过程中的创新溢出屏障。因此，企业孵化过程是否存在溢出效应是一个值得探讨的议题。运用空间计量分析方法，基于2009-2016年空间面板数据，从基础设施、资金条件、研发水平以及创业经验4个维度分析中国企业孵化的作用机制，进一步从空间地理特征和社会经济特征两方面构建空间权重矩阵，并运用空间面板数据模型分析中国企业孵化过程的空间溢出效应。研究发现，企业孵化过程存在明显的空间溢出效应，地理区位特征与社会经济特征均对企业孵化和空间相关性产生影响。其中，社会经济特征作用显著，四要素的跨区域流动发挥了不同程度的杠杆作用。最后，分别从企业孵化器定位、企业孵化产业、企业孵化政策制定以及企业孵化创新绩效4个方面提出引导科技创业资源合理流动以及提高企业孵化产出的对策建议。

Spatial Spillover Effect of Business Incubation in China

Spatial conditions have an influence on the innovation of S&T and entrepreneurial activity. Resources for business incubators followed cross-regionally with the development of information communication technology. Spatial dependence has been largely ignored by the literatures about business incubation. The establishment of the cooperation beyond the organizational boundary renders the enterprise incubation process a multiplier effect, and the competition for entrepreneurial projects has triggered competition among regions, forming an innovation overflow barrier in the process of business incubation, whether there is an overflow effect in the incubation process among regional enterprises. This paper sums up the indicator system including infrastructure, funding conditions, the level of R&D and entrepreneurial experience by constructing the panel data model during 2009-2016 in China. spatial econometric analysis method was used to analyze the influence factors of business incubator output. The spatial spillover effects of domain business incubator in China are investigated by introducing the geographical and economic weight matrixes into spatial panel models. The results show that both geographical and social economic characteristics have effect on the business incubator output and spatial correlation and the latter has a more obvious impact. The conclusion also makes business incubator positioning ,business incubation industry, business incubation policy formulation and business incubation innovation performance about accelerating urban innovation and entrepreneurial resource mobility to foster business incubator output. 〖HJ〗