寡头垄断市场结构与寡头垄断企业的效率性分析

经验观察显示,寡头垄断企业已经成为国民财富的源泉和世界“经济增长的发动机”。静态的阿罗-德布鲁范式很难为这一现象提供合理的解释。通过汲取“市场是由企业家所驱动的竞争过程”的奥地利学派思想,笔者发现:由企业家所主导的竞争中的寡头垄断企业,通过不断拓展知识和可利用资源的范围,使消费者的福利得到改进,并增加国民经济的竞争力。本文的分析最终表明:以动态的眼光来看,寡头垄断市场结构和寡头垄断企业是有效率的。其现实含义非常清楚:在竞争全球化的背景下,高度分散的市场结构必然会在竞争中处于不利地位,也不利于企业微观效率的提高和宏观绩效的改进。因此,通过市场而非行政的方式在竞争中培育大企业,最终形成寡头垄断的市场结构应当成为我国市场结构的演进方向。

Efficiency Analysis of Oligopolistic Market Structure and Oligopolistic Enterprises

Empirical perspectives show that oligopolistic enterprises have become the source of national wealth and the engine of world economy. However, the static Arrow-Debreu Paradigm can' t offer rational explanation for such phenomenon. By referring to the thought of Austrian school- "market is a process motivated by entrepreneur" , it shows that oligopolistic enterprises dominated by entrepreneurs in the course of competition can improve consumers ' welfare and increase the competitive power of the national economy by constantly broadening the scope of knowledge and available resources. The analysis in this article indicates that: from a dynamic perspective, oligopolistic market structure and oligopolistic enterprises are efficient. Its realistic significance is quite obvious: under global competition, any highly decentralized market structure will put enterprises at a disadvantageous position and is detrimental to the enhancement of enterprises' micro-efficiency and improvement of macro-performance. Therefore, the evolution direction for China's market structure shall be to build oligopolistic market structure by cultivating large enterprises through market approaches instead of executive measures.