小型灌区灌溉水利用系数测定及影响因素研究

以上海市小型灌区为研究对象,采用首尾法测算2013年和2014年11个样点灌区的灌溉水利用系数,并采用主成分分析法对灌溉水利用系数各影响因素的影响程度和影响规律进行计算分析。结果表明:11个样点灌区中9个灌溉水利用系数在0.7以上,最大值为0.861,明显高于同期全国平均水平;水稻种植比、防渗渠道长度、渠道衬砌率和节水灌溉工程面积比对灌溉水利用系数影响较大,且防渗渠道长度、渠道衬砌率和节水灌溉工程面积比具有较大的正贡献率,而水稻种植比具有较大的负贡献,可通过优化灌区种植结构、继续开展节水灌溉工程建设、大力推行节水灌溉技术来提高灌溉水利用系数。

Research on the measurement and influence factors of irrigation water utilization coefficient in small-sized irrigation area

The utilization coefficient of irrigation water were calculated by using the head-tail method, which was focused on 11 small-sized irrigation areas during 2013 and 2014 in Shanghai City. The impact laws and degree of different influence factors which affected utilization coefficient of irrigation water were investigated with the principal component analysis. The results showed that the utilization coefficient of irrigation water in 9 of 11 sampled irrigation areas were above 0.7,of which, the maximum was 0.861, which was significant higher than average level of the whole country. Besides, rice cultivation proportion, seepage-proofing canal lengths, the lining rate of canal and the area ratio of water-saving irrigation had greater impacts on the utilization coefficient of irrigation water, and seepage-proofing canal lengths, the lining rate of canal and the area ratio of water-saving irrigation had great positive contribution rates, while rice cultivation proportion have great negative contribution rate. The utilization coefficients of irrigation water could be increased by optimizing the cropping structure, carrying out water-saving irrigation project construction as before, and vigorously extending water-saving irrigation technology.