中国土地制度改革面临的困惑

中国三十多年改革开放的辉煌成绩令世界瞩目,但从理想目标和社会主义制度的要求看,目前显然还存在着巨大差距。中国土地制度改革成功启动的历史功绩从来都没有人怀疑过,但从权益公平化及改革成果共享化的角度看,很显然,我国土地制度改革仍然存在着很多矛盾和困惑。一是土地权利非公平性:二元土地制度下的城乡差异依然严重;二是显失公正的土地收益分配机制:扭曲的收入结构日趋严重;三是体制的缺位与错位:政府职责定位的混乱状况尚未根本改观;四是土地管理的集权与分权:中央与地方利益博弈冲突加重;五是农地流转与城市土地储备:土地制度市场化改革反向逆流。

The Obfuscation of Land System Reform in China

The refulgent achievements over the last three decades of China’s reform and opening up attract the worldwide attention.However,there is still a long way to go when concerning the ideal target and the requirement of socialism system.The successful start and the remarkable scores of China land system reform have never been questioned.But when taking equity of the outcome and the common share of the reform results into account,land system reform in China has lots of contradictions and puzzles.They are as follows: the land rights are unequal resulting from the rural-urban difference of duality land system;land earnings distribution mechanism is unjust and the distorted income structure is becoming more and more serious;institution is blank or dislocated arising from the confusion of government duties;gaming between central authority and local government becomes severe,resulting in the management difficulty of land centralization and decentralization;as to the farmland circulation and urban land reserve,impelling the land system market-oriented has gone to the opposite side.