土地直接产权与间接产权:一种新农村土地产权关系

研究目的:跳出所有权与使用权分离的产权逻辑,创建直接产权与间接产权分离的基本框架,重新诠释国家(政府)、农村集体组织和农户之间的土地产权关系。研究方法:理论实证分析。研究结果:(1)假定土地是一种劳动产品,凝聚着社会劳动和个人劳动以及物化劳动和活劳动,可将土地产权划分为直接产权与间接产权,构成一种新的双层土地产权关系。(2)国家(政府)和农户(农民)依据其投入的相对优势要素:公共环境(社会劳动)和农业经营管理才能(个体劳动),分别占有土地的间接产权和直接产权。研究结论:农村土地产权制度创新的基础是明确国家(政府)与农户(农民)对土地的共有关系,界定土地直接产权与间接产权的内容及其行使方式。

A New Relationship of Rural Land Property Rights: Direct and Indirect Land Property Rights

The purpose of the study is to establish the basic framework of separating indirect property right from direct property right and to re-elaborate the relationship among government, rural collectives and farmers based on the analysis beyond the logic of separating land use right from ownership. Methods of theoretical analysis and case study were employed. Suppose land is a kind of labor product agglomerating social and personal labors, the rural land property right can be divided into direct and indirect property right which will form a new double layer relationship of land property right. The government can possess indirect land property right due to its privilege of investment on public interest, while the farmers possess the direct land property right due to their abilities in agricultural management of rural land. In conclusion, the innovative basis of rural land property rights is to determine the co-relationships between government and farmers on rural land and clearly define the direct and indirect property rights.