服务贸易理论基础:比较优势与竞争优势理论的解释力及实证检验--以产业组织结构变化中的中国转轨时期服务贸易实践为例

现有的国际贸易理论,大体可以归为两类:基于要素分析的比较优势理论和基于竞争力分析的竞争优势理论,两者从不同的视角解释国际贸易实践。在服务贸易领域里,理论界对两者的解释力存在不同意见,为检验两种理论,笔者以中国服务贸易发展的实践为样本,根据的主要服务行业贸易差额,投入产出表计算所得的最初投入结构,以及产业组织结构,运用回归和相关性分析等方法进行了计量分析。经分析,对于解释中国这样一个处于制度转轨时期的国家,集产业组织结构等因素分析于一体的竞争优势理论,对服务贸易有更强的解释力。为此,提出了建立于竞争优势理论基础之上的几点政策建议。

Theoretic Foundation of the International Trade in Service: The Explanation Ability and Empirical Test of the Comparative Advantage and Competitive Advantage

The existing theory of the international trade could be distinguished into two sorts named comparative advantage based on factor analysis and competitive advantage based on competitiveness. They explain the practice of the international trade in different angles. There are two sorts of theories in the fields of international trade in service too. For the purpose of testing the theories, the author analyze the relationship of trade discrepancy of each sector in international trade in service industry, the initial input structure calculated from the input - output table, and the structure of industrial organization, by using the metric economics tools such as regression and relative analysis. According to result of the empirical analysis, the author makes conclusion that the competitive advantage which takes accounts of more factors such as industrial organization and so on is more persuasive in explaining the international trade in service in the institutional transition of China. The author suggests that it should take the competitive advantage to guide the practice and put forward some measures base on that theory.