Enhancing ecosystem services through afforestation: How policy can help |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;2. College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea;3. Research Group on Agriculture, Forestry, and Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria;4. Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA;5. OJEong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;6. Department of Integrated Environmental Systems, Pyeongtaek University, Pyeongtaek 17869, Republic of Korea;7. National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia |
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| Abstract: | We employ an integrated spatial economic model to assess the net private and public benefits of converting marginal agricultural land into forest plantations (afforestation) in New Zealand. For numerous locations, we conduct policy analysis considering the magnitudes of net private and public benefits of land use changes to determine whether a policy response is justified and, if so, to identify the appropriate policy instruments to encourage adoption of afforestation. Net private benefit is commonly negative, so much so, that in most cases no policy response is justified. However, in certain cases, net private benefits are slightly negative and public benefits are significantly positive justifying the use of positive incentives as the most appropriate policy instrument to encourage afforestation in New Zealand. The most commonly used policy instruments for afforestation in New Zealand, extension and awareness training, are found to be appropriate in only a minority of situations. |
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| Keywords: | Ecosystem services Afforestation Avoided erosion Marginal land |
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