Organizing anarchy: The food security–biodiversity–climate crisis and the genesis of rural land use planning in the developing world |
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| Institution: | 1. Natural Capital Project, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;2. US Geological Survey Southwest and South Central Climate Adaptation Science Centers, and University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA;3. Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;4. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA;5. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA;6. Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas and Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;7. Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary;8. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, USA;9. Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA;10. Ecological Society of America, Washington, DC, USA;11. Global Change Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;12. Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA;13. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;1. Facultyof Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Japan;2. Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Shortfalls in global food production, coupled with the growing visibility of climate change's disruptive effects, have underlined for many observers the importance of devoting rural lands to their ‘optimal’ use, where they can make maximal contributions to the global imperatives of feeding the human population and maintaining vital environmental services. In this context observers have endorsed rural land use planning as a way to insure that, at least in theory, lands get devoted to their best uses. In practice, land use planning in the developing world has resembled ‘organized anarchy’. Small landholders with insecure land tenure, overseas investors seeking large land deals, NGOs representing indigenous peoples, government officials, and staff from international environmental NGOs and multilateral organizations have come together in strategic action fields to struggle over and sometimes negotiate land use plans for contested landscapes. These plans represent a strategic, spatially explicit response to the climate change–biodiversity–food security crisis. |
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| Keywords: | Rural land use planning Dualism Developing countries Land grabbing Food security Climate change |
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