Commuting patterns in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. What differences between formal and informal jobs? |
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| Institution: | 1. Université de Bourgogne, THEMA, 2, bd Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France;2. Transportation Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Bloco H-106, P.O. Box 68512, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;3. Université Paris-Est, IFSTTAR, LVMT, 14-20 boulevard Newton, Cite Descartes Champs sur Marne, F-77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France;1. Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, 2080 Nanting Road, Shanghai 201415, China;3. School of Architecture, the University of Texas at Austin, 310 Inner Campus Drive, Austin 78712, TX, USA;4. Department of Public Policy, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong;5. School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Liberal Arts Building of Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China;6. Shanghai Jiguang College, 2859 Shuichan Road, Shanghai 201901, China |
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| Abstract: | Limiting commuting trips in major cities is important from the environmental, social and economic standpoints. In order to design policies that aim to change commuting practices it is, however, necessary to have acquired a good understanding of the trips in question and their determinants. However, these trips have been subjected to very little study in the cities of developing countries. This paper is concerned with the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area (RJMA), and sets out to test the influence of “classical” socioeconomic and spatial variables on the distance and duration of the commuting trips of the region's inhabitants, especially those with the lowest incomes. The main original feature of this research is that it includes jobs in the informal sector. The results show that, all other things being equal, commuting distances and times are shorter for the informal sector, and people walk more from their homes to their place of work because jobs in the informal sector are more dispersed than jobs in the formal sectors. The notable exception is personal and household services for which employees (who are mainly women) live a long way from the city center where wealthy families (and their jobs) are concentrated. |
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