零售企业规模无边界的理论与实证分析--以沃尔玛为例

企业规模理论在企业战略联盟及企业网络化环境下受到质疑，学术界提出了企业无边界理论．零售企业尤其是沃尔玛的快速扩张又提出了另一种无边界理论。这是两种不同性质的无边界理论。就单个企业的边界来说．生产企业和流通企业存在本质的区别．生产企业的资产专用性和技术跳跃所带来的沉没成本制约了生产企业的规模扩张．而流通企业的资产通用性和技术稳定性使流通企业避免了威廉姆森的企业“复制和有选择性控制的不可能性”命题的局限。本文通过沃尔玛的规模扩张的案例．建立影响企业规模因素的模型并进行实证分析．提出了零售企业规模无边界的命题。

Analysis on Theory and Practice of the Sized-without-boundary in Retailing Firms--Taking Wal-Mart for Example

The theories can be oppugned by the facts of strategy alliance and network among firms,so some researchers put forward the theory of firm-without-boundary,but the rapid expansion of retailing firm,such as Wal-Mart,reflects another issue of firm-no-boundary which differentiates from the former apparently in nature.Manufacturing firm and distributional firm differs in nature,with respect to single firm's boundary,the asset-specific and technology-leap of manufacturing firm lead to sunk cost therefore restrict its size;but asset-generalization and technology-stability of distributional firm can defy the proposition of "replication and selective intervention is impossible" posed by Williamson.In fact,through modeling on the factors affecting firm size,and empirically analyzing on Wal-Mart's size expansion,we put forward a theory that retailing firm has no boundary.