人力资本、社会支持与流动人口社会融入——以北京市为例

作为"首善之区",北京一直是很多流动人口向往和驻足的地方,也因此成为推进新型城镇化和流动人口市民化压力最大的城市之一。基于2017年北京市流动人口动态监测调查数据,分析了流动人口社会融入水平的整体特征、空间差异和影响因素。研究表明,北京市流动人口的社会融入总体水平不高且存在空间异质性。人力资本积累对流动人口的社会融入具有显著的影响,其中,跨城市流动经历有利于经济和行为融入的积累,而心理和文化维度的融入则依靠本地居留时间的增加。家庭、朋友、社区等层面的社会支持显著提升流动人口总体的社会融入水平。经济收入水平的提高是人力资本和社会支持影响流动人口社会融入的重要路径,但对不同类型人力资本和社会支持及不同维度社会融入的中介效应强度差异较大。

Human Capital,Social Support and Social Assimilation of Floating Population:A Case Study of Beijing

As the capital city of China,Beijing has attracted a large number of migrants and become one of cities with the greatest pressure in realizing citizenization of the floating population and promoting new-type urbanization.Based on the data of Beijing’s floating population dynamic monitoring survey in 2017,this paper analyzes the overall characteristics,spatial diffe-rences and influencing factors of the social assimilation level of floating population.Results show that,first,the overall level of social assimilation of the floating population in Beijing is not high and there exist significant spatial heterogeneity.Second,the accumulation of human capital has a significant impact on the social assimilation of the floating population.Among them,the crossurban mobility is conducive to the accumulation of economic and behavioral assimilation,while the assimilation of psychological and cultural dimensions depends more on the increase of local residence time.Third,social support at the level of family,friends,and community has significantly improved the overall level of social assimilation of the floating population.Fourth,income is a crucialmediatorof the social assimilation effect of human capital and social support.However,the intensity of the mediating effect varies significantly for different types of human capital and social support and for different dimensions of social integration.