方言能力如何影响流动人口收入? ——基于中国劳动力动态调查数据

探讨流动人口的方言能力和收入关系对于理解人口流动的经济社会后果具有重要意义。基于方言的认同效应和替代效应,提出并证实了方言水平和收入的非线性关系命题:总体而言,流动人口的收入和方言水平呈倒U型曲线关系;同时,随着流动距离增大,两者关系由U型曲线转变为倒U曲线;当满足一定流动距离条件时,收入和方言水平的关系亦表现出一定的线性特征。上述关系在不同性别、教育程度、行业、区域样本中具有异质性。在控制了方言测量误差、工作经验和普通话水平等因素后,结论仍然是稳健的。研究表明,流动人口掌握适度的方言有利于实现收入最大化,这也为认识普通话推广和语言文化多样性保护的关系提供了参考。

How Does Dialect Competence Affect the Income of Migrants?——A Study Based on China Labor Force Dynamic Survey

It is of great significance to explore the relationship between language competence and income of floating population for understanding the economic and social consequences of migration.Based on the dialect identification effect and substitution effect,this paper puts forward and confirms the proposition of the non-linear relationship between dialect competence and income of migrants.Generally speaking,the relationship between income and dialect competence of migrants is inverted U-shaped curve;at the same time,the relationship changes from U-shaped curve to inverted U-shaped curve as the migrating distance increases;within certain migrating distance,the relationship also shows somewhat linear characteristics.These relationships are he-terogeneous in different samples,across genders,education levels,industries and regions.When we controlled other factors,such as dialect measurement error,working experience and Mandarin,the above conclusion still robustly exists.The paper shows that the appropriate dialect competence is conducive to maximizing income,and it also sheds light on the understanding of the relationship between Mandarin promotion and the protection of linguistic diversity.