基于三阶段超效率DEA的港口运行效率研究

港口作为国内和国际贸易的关键节点,如何提高其运行效率成为焦点话题.针对目前国内港口效率低下的问题,使用超效率DEA模型来测度2007—2016年我国主要沿海港口的运行效率,研究发现港口的超效率平均值呈上升趋势,个别年份存在明显的下滑现象.由于2016年是航运港口整合的关键一年,本文对2016年的港口数据单独采用三阶段超效率DEA方法进行效率测度,第一阶段利用超效率DEA模型得出的结果进行分析,第二阶段利用随机前沿模型(SFA)将影响港口效率的腹地GDP等环境变量纳入模型,尽可能剔除随机误差和外部环境对效率的影响.第三阶段使用调整后的投入产出值重新评估港口效率,获得更加准确的港口效率排名,与第一阶段的超效率结果比较发现,前后数值存在明显差异,除青岛港和上海港外其他港口都未达到DEA有效,港口效率提升的空间较大.最后基于吞吐量-效率矩阵将港口划分为精干型、强壮型、肥胖型和瘦弱型4种类型,针对性的对每种类型的港口提出改进建议.

Research on Operational Efficiency of China's Main Coastal Ports Based on Three-stage Super Efficiency DEA

As a key node of domestic and international trade, the way to improve the operational efficiency of port has become a hot topic. For the current inefficiency problem of domestic ports, the super-efficiency DEA model to measure the operational efficiency of China''s major coastal ports from 2007 to 2016 is used. It has been shown that the average super-efficiency values of ports are on the rise, but there is a significant decline in individual year. Since 2016 is a pivotal year for the integration of shipping ports, the three-stage super-efficiency DEA method to measure the efficiency of the ports in 2016 is used. The first stage uses the results of the super-efficient DEA model to analyze the second stage. The stochastic frontier model (SFA) is used to incorporate environmental variables such as hinterland GDP that affect port efficiency into the model, eliminating random errors and the impact of external environment on efficiency. The third stage uses the adjusted input-output value to re-evaluate the port efficiency and obtain a more accurate port efficiency ranking. Compared with the first-stage super-efficiency results, the difference between the previous and the following values is significant. Except Qingdao Port and Shanghai Port, all of the ports have not achieved the effectiveness of DEA, and the space for improving is relatively large. Finally, based on the throughput-efficiency matrix, the ports are divided into four types: lean, strong, obese and thin, and targeted improvements are proposed for each type of ports.