技术通用性、全球创新链嵌入与国际知识流

文章通过技术的通用性水平差异刻画各国制造业在全球创新链中的位置,并在非线性双指数知识流模型的基础上,分析知识在全球创新链不同环节间的流动。研究表明,知识流在全球创新链的上游和下游强度较高,在中游强度较低,中国制造业的融入位置处于全球创新链的中下游,并随着中国内需市场的扩张和经济结构的转型,下游化趋势日趋显著。在下游化的过程中,中国制造业企业完成了由低端技术的供给者向技术资源的整合者的转型,实现了对全球的科学知识资源的高效利用,但研发资源集中于下游环节使得企业更加依赖国外技术,技术革新过程受制于人。在上游通用性技术领域,中国制造业企业仍然处于追赶者的角色,亟需抓住新一轮通用性技术革新的机遇,从供给侧发力,通过创新驱动提高制造业整体竞争力,推动中国经济的高质量发展,由知识使用者向知识创造者转型。

Technological Generality,Global Innovation Chains and International Knowledge Flow

This paper portrays the position of manufacturing industries in the global innovation chain among major economies through the difference in the level of technological generality, and analyzes the knowledge flow among the global innovation chain on the basis of the non-linear double exponential knowledge flow model. The result shows that the intensity of knowledge flow is higher in the upstream and downstream of the global innovation chain comparing with the midstream. The Chinese manufacturing is moving from the midstream to the downstream because of domestic market expansion and structural transformation of the economy. In the process of downstreamization, Chinese manufacturing enterprises have completed the transformation from low-end technology suppliers to knowledge integrators by using global scientific knowledge resources efficiently. Meanwhile using the foreign technologies leading to external dependencies. In the field of upstream general purpose technology, Chinese manufacturing enterprises still lag behind other nations, and urgently need to seize the opportunity of new general purpose technological innovation to realize high-quality development and transform from knowledge users to knowledge creators.