流动成本与城市间劳动力配置效率

参照Tombe and Zhu(2019)并结合城市层面的数据可得性,文章先测度了2000-2015年期间272个城市的劳动力流动成本,然后将其引入Hsieh and M oretti(2019)的城市空间均衡模型,考察了流动成本的变化对城市间劳动力配置效率的影响。研究发现:第一,城市间劳动力配置效率的动态变化与流动成本紧密相关,表现为2000-2015年期间流动成本的整体水平先升后降,而劳动力配置效率则先降后升。第二,流动成本的存在降低了城市间劳动力配置改善的速度,表现为在不考虑和考虑流动成本的情形中,2000-2015年期间城市剩余工资离散程度分别下降28. 21%和9. 83%。第三,一线城市对经济增长的贡献率被低估,并且在考虑流动成本的情形中,其被低估的问题更加严重。

Migration Cost and Labor Allocation Efficiency among Cities

Based on Tombe and Zhu (2019) and data availability at the city level, this paper measures the labor migration cost (utility cost) of 272 cities from 2000 to 2015. Then we introduces migration cost into the urban spatial equilibrium model of Hsieh and Moretti (2019) to investigate how the change of migration cost affects the efficiency of labor allocation among cities. We found that: first, migration cost was closely related to the labor allocation efficiency among cities. It showed that the national level of migration cost rose first and then fell during the period from 2000 to 2015, while the corresponding labor allocation efficiency fell first and then rose. Second, the existence of migration cost slows down the speed of labor allocation improvement among cities. Specifically, in the cases that the migration cost is not considered and taken into account, the dispersion degree of residual wages decreased by 28.21% and 9.83% respectively from 2000 to 2015. Lastly, the contribution of first-tier cities to economic growth is underestimated, and the underestimation becomes more serious after considering migration cost.