后发经济体如何成功开放:从东亚模式到中国道路

文章尝试从国家能力视角分析东亚开放模式何以成功,以及中国开放的独特之处。基本史实梳理显示,东亚开放模式的本质特征是渐进开放和有序开放;在此基础上尝试解释东亚模式何以成功,作为一种制度创新的对外开放,渐进、有序是其固有特征,即使成功发挥"后发优势"压缩追赶进程也需要遵循一定规律,能否发现并遵循规律则反映了国家能力差异。中国在借鉴东亚渐进、有序成功开放经验的同时,亦从"双转型"后发大国的基本国情出发,在两个方面拓展了后发开放理论:一是按照"试验—推广"路径扩大开放是大国的可行选择;二是对于双转型经济体需要开放与改革相互促进。最后探讨国家能力在中国开放进程中所起的作用及其动态演化。

Successful Opening of Developing Economies: From the East Asian Model to China's Road

This paper attempts to analyze the opening practices of the East Asian model and the unique features of China's opening from the perspective of state capacity. Starting from practices of East Asia, we find that successful opening has gradual and orderly characteristics. This is because opening to the outside is essentially institutional innovation, so gradual and orderly are its inherent characteristics. Even the successful catch-up process also needs to follow a certain order, and whether it can be followed reflects the difference in state capacity. China's "dual transformation" and big country background determine the complexity of the opening process, and also place higher requirements on state capacity, projecting from at least two aspects into open mode with China's style. First, under "trial-promote" mode the central government and local governments jointly forms a "national laboratory". Second, the policies on external opening-up and internal reform reinforce each other. Finally, the irreplaceable role of state capacity is discussed during China's opening process.