去工业化对收入不平等的影响:机制分析与实证检验

基于126个国家1991-2017年的面板数据,考察了去工业化对收入不平等的影响。研究发现,去工业化会显著加剧收入不平等程度,这在发展中经济体尤为显著。从传导机制看,去工业化既可以通过劳动力就业转移直接影响收入不平等,也可通过非熟练劳动力就业和服务业部门就业分化间接影响收入不平等。一方面,去工业化导致非熟练劳动力受到更大冲击,致使该部分劳动力失业,加剧收入不平等;另一方面,去工业化导致非熟练劳动力的就业从工业的高薪部门转移至服务业的低薪部门,最终影响收入不平等。进一步研究发现,在可能存在"过早去工业化"的国家去工业化对收入不平等的作用更加明显。因此发展中经济体要着重预防由于去工业化可能带来的收入不平等程度恶化。

The Impact of Deindustrialization on Income Inequality: Mechanism Analysis and Empirical Test

Based on panel data of 126 countries from 1991 to 2017, this paper examines the impact of deindustrialization on income inequality. It is found that deindustrialization can significantly increase income inequality, especially in developing economies. From the perspective of transmission mechanism, deindustrialization can not only directly affect income inequality through labor employment transfer, but also indirectly affect income inequality through the employment differentiation of unskilled labor and service sector. on the one hand, deindustrialization leads to a greater impact on unskilled labor, which leads to the unemployment of this part of labor and increases income inequality; on the other hand, deindustrialization This leads to the transfer of unskilled labor employment from the high wage sector of industry to the low wage sector of service industry, which eventually aggravates income inequality.Further research shows that the effect of deindustrialization on income inequality is more obvious in countries where "early deindustrialization’may exist. Therefore, developing countries should focus on preventing the possible increase of income inequality due to deindustrialization.