父母对子女的私人转移支付与子女劳动力供给

利用中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）2013年数据,本文考察了来自父母的私人转移支付对子女劳动力供给的影响。采用父亲和母亲的受教育年限作为私人转移支付的工具变量克服了计量模型可能存在的内生性问题。研究发现,父母对子女的私人转移支付每提高1%,子女的日、周、年劳动力供给将分别降低0.0254%、0.0536%、0.0991%,据此测算,父母对子女的私人转移支付每增加1元将使全国劳动力日劳动供给减少约5.24万小时。进一步的影响机制分析发现,父母通过私人转移支付"购买"子女提供的关爱、照料服务而挤出了子女的劳动力供给是导致上述结果的重要原因。研究还发现,来自父母的私人转移支付对子女劳动力供给的影响只存在集约边际,而不存在广延边际,即其仅减少了子女的劳动供给时间,而并没有使子女退出劳动力市场。本文的研究有助于理解自上而下的代际转移支付带来的经济影响。

Private Transfers from Parents and Labor Supply of Children

This paper uses data from China Household Finance Survey in 2013 to study the effect of private transfers from parents on labor supply of children. We identify the causality effect by using parents' education as instrument of parents' transfers. We find that private transfers from parents increase by 1% will make daily, monthly and yearly labor supply of children decrease by 0.0254%, 0.0536%, 0.0991% accordingly. Calculation by the estimation results show that parents transfer 1 Yuan to children will reduce total daily labor supply by about 52.4 thousand hours for all the labor force. Further studies show that, parents use transfers to buy service from children and this crowd out their labor supply is a main reason for the negative effect. We also find that the negative effect is just an intensive margin but not an extensive margin, that is, private transfers from parents just reduce working hours of children, but do not make them exit labor market. This paper can help understand the economic effect of private transfers.