2013年全国山洪灾害特征分析

利用国家防办2012年、2013年洪涝灾情统计数据和各省上报的灾情信息,对2013年有人死亡的山洪灾害事件进行了整理,通过统计分析和现场调研的方法,从区域分布、历史对比、灾害类型、灾害等级、发生时间、人员构成等方面对2013年全国山洪灾害特征进行了分析,绘制了全国2013年山洪灾害等级分布图和山洪灾害类型分布图,分析了2000年以来山洪灾害死亡人数及其占洪涝灾害总死亡人数比例情况以及与2012年山洪灾害灾情的对比。结果表明:2013年共发生了181起造成人员死亡的山洪灾害事件,共有560人死亡、221人失踪。2013年全国因洪涝灾害死亡774人,山洪灾害死亡人数占洪涝灾害死亡人数比例为72.4%,山洪灾害仍然是洪涝灾害死亡的主因,溪沟洪水仍是山洪灾害中主要的灾害类型。全国山洪灾害事件持续时间长,主要集中在7、8月。2013年山洪灾害灾情区域性差异显著,局部省份山洪灾害较重。多地外来务工、务农、旅游人员频遭山洪袭击,老年人和未成年人占总死亡人数比例较大。极端强降雨、流动人口山洪灾害防御意识淡薄、预警信息失效是造成2013年山洪灾害频发并造成较大伤亡的主要原因。

Characteristics of mountain flood disasters in 2013

Mountain flood disaster fatalities events of 2013 were sorted out based on statistical data from Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters and the flood information reported by provinces.Through methods of statistical analysis and field research,characteristics of mountain flood disaster were analyzed from aspects of regional distribution, historical comparison, disaster type, disaster level, occurrence time,staff composition. National mountain flood disaster distribution maps and disaster types distribution diagrams were drawn. The number of death by mountain flood disaster and its ratio of total number of death had were analyzed since 2000 as well as the situation contrasted with 2012. The results showed that a total of 560 people were killed and 221 were missing caused by 181 catastrophic mountain flood disasters events in 2013. 774 people died due to different types of floods and the death caused by mountain flood disasters accounted for 72.4%.Mountain flood disasters were still the main cause of flood death, while creek floods were still major type of flood. Mountain flood events started mainly in July and August. There were significant regional differences and some provinces of mountain floods disasters wete more serious. Many migrant workers, farmers, tourists suffered from mountain flood frequently, the elderly and minors accounted for a larger proportion of deaths. Extremely heavy rainfall, failure of early warning information, poor awareness of flood prevention were the main reason for the frequency of flood disasters and greater casualties.