Urban gardens,agriculture, and water management: Sources of resilience for long-term food security in cities |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of History, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;3. The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Academy of Sciences, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;4. Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden;1. CEER – Biosystems Engineering, Superior Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;2. National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, LNEC, Av. do Brasil, 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal;1. Soil Science and Geomorphology, Rümelinstraße 19-23, 72076, Tübingen, Germany;2. Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, SFB 1070 RESOURCECULTURES, Germany;3. Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Laboratory for Soil Science and Geoecology, Research Area Geography, Department of geosciences, Germany;1. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan;2. School of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Environment, Society and Design, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | Food security has always been a key resilience facet for people living in cities. This paper discusses lessons for food security from historic and prehistoric cities. The Chicago school of urban sociology established a modernist understanding of urbanism as an essentialist reality separate from its larger life-support system. However, different urban histories have given rise to a remarkable spatial diversity and temporal variation viewed at the global and long-term scales that are often overlooked in urban scholarship. Drawing on two case studies from widely different historical and cultural contexts – the Classic Maya civilization of the late first millennium AD and Byzantine Constantinople – this paper demonstrates urban farming as a pertinent feature of urban support systems over the long-term and global scales. We show how urban gardens, agriculture, and water management as well as the linked social–ecological memories of how to uphold such practices over time have contributed to long-term food security during eras of energy scarcity. We exemplify with the function of such local blue–green infrastructures during chocks to urban supply lines. We conclude that agricultural production is not “the antithesis of the city," but often an integrated urban activity that contribute to the resilience of cities. |
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