21世纪以来农业基础设施减贫效应研究

目的 农业基础设施不仅是农业稳定生产的重要基石，也是农村贫困治理的重要手段。探究农业基础设施减贫效应，对未来相对贫困治理和减贫经验总结意义重大。方法 文章运用空间自回归模型（SAR）和空间误差模型（SEM），分析21世纪以来中国农业基础设施减贫效应及内生机制。结果 农业交通基础设施中的公路密度、河道密度和铁路密度分别显著降低农村贫困发生率1.424、0.03和0.05个单位；农业生产基础设施中的人均装机容量、水土流失治理能力和每公顷塑料薄膜用量分别显著降低农村贫困发生率0.122、0.212和0.011个单位。从控制变量来看，每千人播种面积，农村人均教育水平和人均乡镇卫生院床位数也发挥着积极的减贫作用。由减贫机制可知，农业基础设施主要通过降低农业自然灾害和增加农业产值，进而提高农户收入和降低农村贫困发生率。结论 应尽快完善农田田间道路、农业生产基础设施建设和高标准农田建设，加强农村公共基础设施投入，促进农业增产和农村减贫。

RESEARCH ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE SINCE THE 21ST CENTURY

Agricultural infrastructure is not only an important cornerstone of stable agricultural production, but also an important means of poverty reduction in rural areas. Exploring the poverty reduction effect of agricultural infrastructure is of great significance to reducing relative poverty and extracting experiences on poverty reduction. This paper used spatial autoregressive model (SAR) and spatial error model (SEM) to analyze the poverty reduction effect and endogenous mechanism of China''s agricultural infrastructure since the 21st century. The results of the study found that the density of highways, rivers, and railways in agricultural transportation infrastructure significantly reduced the incidence of rural poverty by 1.424, 0.03, and 0.05 units, respectively; the installed capacity per capita, the ability to control soil erosion and the plastic amount per hectare in agricultural production infrastructure significantly reduced the incidence of rural poverty by 0.122, 0.212 and 0.011units, respectively. From the perspective of control variables, per 1,000 people planted area, education level per capita and number of beds in township hospitals per capita also played an important role in reducing poverty. It can be seen from the poverty reduction mechanism that the agricultural infrastructure can increase the income of peasants and reduce the incidence of rural poverty by reducing agricultural natural disasters and increasing agricultural output.Therefore, the government needs to improve farmland field roads, agricultural production infrastructure construction and high-standard farmland construction and strengthen rural public infrastructure investment to promote agricultural production and rural poverty reduction as soon as possible.