社区旅游参与视角下民族村寨旅游地居民地方感生成研究

居民地方感领域的研究在深化“人-地”关系认识、旅游目的地地方性塑造、旅游资源开发与保护以及旅游规划等方面具有特殊意义。已有研究主要探讨人口统计学特征、物理环境和社会环境等影响因素,缺乏对旅游世界中人与场的积极互动而产生的地方感等问题的讨论。本研究从社区旅游参与视角,通过田野调查的方法收集郎德上寨村民主诉的旅游参与实践,对民族旅游村寨居民地方感的生成问题进行分析。研究发现:郎德上寨村民的社区旅游参与主要表现为“合作激励型”“自我激励型”“机械被动型”和“利益激励型”4种类型;在社区旅游参与过程中,村民获得了强烈的地方感,并由自然地理和人文物理环境、社会文化特性、经济制度、乡土认同、血缘认同、文化认同、房屋归属感和生活便利性等内容体现。本研究还发现,居民地方感在不同的社区旅游参与形态中表现出差异性;社区旅游参与和地方感之间是双向、交互式的影响关系,其中,旅游效益感知因素在二者的关系中起着重要的中介作用。

The Formation of Residents'Sense of Place in Ethnic Villages from the Perspective of Community Tourism Participation

The regional research on residents'sense of place has special significance in terms of deepening the understanding of“people-place”relations,shaping the endemicity of tourist destinations,developing and protecting tourist resources,and planning tourism.According to the existing literature,most research,at present,discusses the influencing effects of human demography characteristics,the physical environment,and the social environment,but few scholars have focused on people's active function.In other words,there is a lack of discussion on the problem of sense of place generated by the dynamic interaction between people and field in the tourism world.Thus,based on the perspective of community tourism participation,this research collects the tourism participation practices claimed by the villagers of Langde Village by means of fieldwork and analyzes the problem generated by residents'sense of place in ethnic tourism villages.The research finds that the community tourism participation of the Langde Village vllagers is represented primarily as“cooperative incentive type,”“self-mobilization type,”“mechanical passive type,”and“interest incentive type.”During the process of community tourism participation,villagers acquire a strong sense of place,which is represented entrely by the content structures of plhysical geography and humanistic physical environment,social and cultural characteristics,economic system,local identity,consanguinity identity,cultural identity,sense of house belonging,and convenience of life.The research also shows that we should not simply deem a positive relationship between community tourism participation and residents'sense of place.In fact,residents'sense of place shows a difference in the distinct forms of community tourism participation.It should,instead,be observed that there is a two-way interactive influential relationship between community tourism participation and residents'sense of place.In particular,the perceptive factors of tourism benefits play an important mediating role.