适应乡村振兴战略的新型农村住房制度构建设想

在新时期经济社会结构转型和城乡发展关系重塑的背景下,农村住房制度对促进城乡要素流动和助力乡村振兴具有重要意义。本文通过对多个宅基地制度改革试点地区的政策研究、实地调查和访谈,对农民工城乡生活状况的问卷调研,深入分析了我国农村住房发展现状和存在的问题,探究建立适应乡村振兴战略和农村住房需求的新型农村住房制度的意义。基于乡村振兴战略、住房需求层次和农村住房双重属性的理论认识,阐释建立农村新型住房制度的理论意义。从宅基地制度的局限性入手,发现宅基地所固有的成员权属性、福利属性及权能模糊性,是造成制度桎梏与现实发展的诸多矛盾的根源所在。据此,本文提出了构建以满足多层次住房需求的农村住房供应体系及与之相适应的农村住宅用地供应体系为主的新型农村住房制度,并对其影响、效果以及试点实践的可行性进行讨论。新型农村住房制度的建立,为从根本上解决农村住房发展困境,推进乡村振兴战略实施提供可行路径。

Assumption on the Construction of New Rural Housing System Adapting to the Rural Revitalization Strategy

In the context of the transformation of economic and social structureand the reconstruction of the relationship between urban and rural developmentin the new era, the rural housing system is of great significance for promoting the flow of urban and rural factors and the rural revitalization. This paperanalyzes the current situation and problems of rural housing development in China and explores the significance of establishing a new rural housing system to adapt to the Rural Revitalization Strategy and rural housing demand through policy research, field investigation and interviews, and a questionnaire survey on the migrant workers’ living conditionsin several reform pilot areas of rural homestead system. Based on the theoretical understanding of Rural Revitalization Strategy, the demand level of rural housing and the dual attributes of rural housing, this paper explains the theoretical significance of establishing a new rural housing system. Starting from the limitations of the homestead system, it is found that the inherent membership, welfare property and the ambiguity of power and function of homestead are the root of many contradictions between system shackles and realistic development. Based on the above analyses, this paper puts forward a new type of rural housing system, which is mainly composed of rural housing supply system to meet multi-level housing needs and the corresponding rural residential land supply system. This paper then discusses the influence, effect and feasibility of pilot practice. The establishment of the new rural housing system provides a feasible way to solve the current dilemma of rural housing development and promote the implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy.