家庭农场创业瓶颈及实现路径——基于湖南省八地区的实地调研

家庭农场在推动农业经济增长、促进资源优化配置和推进农业现代化等方面取得了一定的成效,并逐渐成为解决"三农"问题、实现农村可持续发展的有效途径。本文基于湖南省99个家庭农场的问卷调查与实地调研分析了其创业现状:首先,湖南省家庭农场主群体以低学历中老年人为主、农场大多处于生存与成长阶段、创业动机以发现商机为主;其次,探讨了家庭农场的三大创业瓶颈:合法性约束、创业资源约束、政治环境约束;最后,立足于乡村振兴战略的新时代背景从农场创业生态系统、农场主创业者特质、政府行为规范等方面提出了促进家庭农场可持续成长的实现路径。

Entrepreneurial Bottleneck and Implementation Path of Family Farm:Based on Field Research in Eight Regions of Hunan Province

Family farms have achieved certain achievements in promoting the growth of agricultural economics and the optimal allocation of resources and agricultural modernization,and have gradually become an effective way to solve the issues ofagriculture,rural areas and farmers and achieve sustainable rural development.This paper analyzes the entrepreneurial situation based on the questionnaire and on-the-spot investigation of 99 family farms in Hunan Province.Firstly,the family farmers in Hunan Province are mainly middle-aged and low-educated.These farms are mostly in the stage of survival and growth,and the entrepreneurial motivation is mainly to find business opportunities.Secondly,the three entrepreneurial bottlenecks of family farms are discussed:legality constraints,entrepreneurial resources constraints,and political environment constraints.Finally,based on the new era of rural revitalization strategy,this paper puts forwardthe realization paths to promote the sustainable growth of family farmsfrom farm entrepreneurial ecosystems,farmer entrepreneurial traits and the government’s normative behaviors.