小农经营、功能转换与策略选择——兼论小农户与现代农业融合发展的“第三条道路”

基于大国小农的基本国情,正确处理小农经济与现代农业发展的关系,实现小农户与现代农业发展的有机衔接,是中国探索农业现代化道路所长期面临的重大问题。本文试图厘清小农经济与现代农业发展的经济学含义,分析传统农业与现代农业"两分法"的可能性缺陷,由此揭示农业多功能拓展态势下农户经营及其转型的可能性图景;进而在把握家庭经营全球性趋势的基础上,构建小农经营及其转型发展的逻辑线索,重点阐明中国小农户与现代农业融合发展的第三条道路。文章认为,与美国农户大规模经营及其自我服务、日本农户小规模经营及其生产性服务内卷化不同,中国小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的关键是农业服务的社会化,并由此将小农经营卷入分工经济。

Small Household Operation,Function Transformation,Strategyoptions: How can small household incorporate into the modern agricultural development pattern?

China is a large agricultural country while the agricultural production in China is dominated by small households. Based on this situation, it is of great significance to properly deal with the relationship between small household economy and modern agricultural development, as well as successfully incorporate small household into the modern agricultural development pattern when exploring the strategy of agricultural modernization. This paperexplains the economic explanation of incorporating small household into the modern agricultural development, and the underlying defects of simply dividing agriculture into traditional agriculture and modern agriculture.This study then clarifies the diversity of agricultural function and the future perspective of function transformation in agriculture. Moreover, based on the international evidence of household operation in agriculture, this paper expounds the logic of small household operation and its future transformation. It also highlights the third path of incorporating small household into the modern agricultural development. Different from the large-scale operation and self-service pattern in the US, as well as the small-scale operation and service involution pattern in Japan, this paperargues thatthe key of incorporating small household into the modern agricultural development is the socialization of agricultural service,thus involving small household into the division of labor economy.