露天矿区土地复垦适应性管理：内涵解析与框架构建

研究目的：探讨露天矿区土地复垦适应性管理的理论内涵，阐释其主要管理要素与组织框架。研究方法：系统回顾法、类比分析法和逻辑推理法。研究结果：（1）基础铺垫、案例引导、需求倒逼、使命号召4层缘由共同驱动着露天矿区去探索一种与其生态系统内外部机理相适应的土地复垦动态管理模式—适应性管理；（2）矿区土地复垦适应性管理是以矿区土地生态系统健康发展与可持续开发利用为目标，通过监测、评估、反馈、调整等一系列活动，不断探索并认识矿区土地复垦发展过程中的不确定因素及其内在规律，从而促使土地复垦不断适应矿区社会、经济、生态等方面协调发展的管理过程；（3）“目标制定—规划设计—方案执行—监测评估—信息反馈—模式修正”六要素一体构成矿区土地复垦适应性管理的基本组织框架。研究结论：适应性管理具有灵活性、动态性等特征，如果管理者能把握矿区生态系统内部演化机理与外部干扰规律，并借鉴吸收相近领域研究成果经验，那么适应性管理有望成为破解露天矿区土地复垦过程管理难题的有效途径。

Adaptive Management of Land Reclamation in Opencast Mining Areas: Connotation Analysis and Framework Construction

The purposes of this study are to explore the theoretical connotation of land reclamation adaptive management in mining areas, and to analyze its main management elements and organizational framework. The methods of this study include systematic review, analogical analysis, and logical reasoning. The results show that: 1) the foundation bedding, case studying, demand driving, and the call of duty are all driving the managers to explore an adaptive management model for land reclamation that is compatible with the internal and external mechanisms of opencast mining ecosystem. 2) Adaptive management of land reclamation in mining areas is a management process that based on the goal of sustainable development of land ecosystem and a series of activities such as monitoring, evaluation, feedback, and adjustment, continuously explores the uncertainties and inherent laws in the process of land reclamation, to promote the continuous adaptation of land reclamation to the coordinated development of social, economic, and ecological aspects of the mining areas. 3) The six elements of target formulation, planning and design, program implementation, monitoring and evaluation, information feedback, and model revision constitute the organizational framework for adaptive management of land reclamation in mining areas. In conclusion, adaptive management has the characteristics of flexibility and dynamism. If managers can grasp the internal evolution mechanism and external disturbance law of mining ecosystem, and learn from the experience of research results in similar fields, then adaptive management is expected to be an effective way to solve the management problems of land reclamation process in opencast mine areas.