基于完全补偿原则的我国房屋征收补偿制度评析

在房屋征收过程中,完全补偿可以推动土地资源的有效配置、达到旧城改造中的帕累托最优、确保财产权得到平等的保护、降低征收过程的交易成本。以完全补偿为原则,将征收所涉及的房屋价值以征收前后为时点进行梳理,其应然价值包括被征收前的客观价值、征收前的主观价值、征收带来的价值影响和被征收者交易成本。《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》中规定只对房屋客观价值和部分交易成本进行补偿,并未将被征收者的主观价值和征收导致的增值予以补偿,也未对征收导致的权利丧失进行补偿。我国相关制度实践可以从土地使用权权能完善、特别牺牲基金设立、估价办法的改进和征收中的协商机制建立等方面逐渐向完全补偿目标迈进。

Commends on House Expropriation Compensation Institution from the Principle of Full Compensation

Full compensation applied in the process of house expropriation can promote the effective allocation of land resources,achieve Pareto Optimality in the urban renewal,protect the ownership of property,and reduce the transaction cost.According to the principle of full compensation,the value involved in the expropriated house ought to include the objective value before expropriation,the subjective value before expropriation,the affected value produced by compensation and the transaction cost.Comparing with the compensation measures proposed in The Compensation Ordinance of State-owned Land and Housing,we find the present compensation only includes the objective value of house and part of the transaction cost,with no consideration of the subjective value of loser,the increment of value generated by expropriation,and the chance of reaping a surplus from trade.Some aspects of system practice can accelerate the transition to full compensation,for example,definite land use right function and establishment of special sacrifice fund and the machinery of consultation in house expropriation,improvement of the appraisal method.