美欧创新型国家评价体系分析

美国信息技术与创新基金会的创新竞争力评价指标体系由6个一级指标、16个二级指标构杨,其指标"经济绩效"和"创新能力"是影响国家竞争力的最重要因素;欧盟推出《创新联盟记分牌》,旨在发现欧盟成员国研究和创新体系的相对优劣势,帮助成员国认识自身实力,集中力量提高创新绩效;欧洲工商管理学院推出《全球创新指数》,强调创新环境、基础设施以及相关成果的测度和评价。国外创新测度对于我国开展创新型国家评价具有重要借鉴意义:创新型国家测度的关键是创新绩效测度,应以事实型数据为基础,并根据形势变化不断调整评价指标和体系。

Metrics of Innovation-based Competitiveness in the U.S. and EU

This paper examines the metrics of innovation-based competitiveness set by the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation （ ITIF ） of the United States, Innovation Union Scoreboard of the European Union and Global Innovation Index of European Institute of Business Administration （ INSEAD ）. The innovation metrics of ITIF includes 6 primary indicators, and 16 secondary indicators, among which the“economic performance” and “innovation capacity” are two key indicators evaluating one country’s competitiveness;Innovation Union Scoreboard is aimed to indicate the advantage and disadvantage of research and innovation system of EU member states so as to help them know their situation and focus on improving their innovation performance; Global Innovation Index emphasizes on the metric of innovation environment, infrastructure and related achievements. The paper argues that the evaluation of the innovation-based competitiveness is indispensable to inform policy discussions so as to foster the efforts of China to become an innovation-oriented country. The evaluation of innovation performance is critical, which should be evidence-based and the metrics should be updated according to the changing situation.