基于语言分区的海南岛民族民系传统聚落景观特征分析

由汉、黎、苗等民族民系聚落构成的多元化地域景观是海南岛乡土景观的有机组成方式。语言是民族民系文化区划的重要标识，基于海南岛的语言分区，采用跨学科研究方法，分别从宏观、中观、微观层面选取各语言分区传统聚落景观特质的关键指征，结合GIS技术对其进行信息叠加和比较分析，归纳总结出海南岛民族民系传统聚落景观3个显著的分异特征。1)在选址偏好上具有汉族聚落海拔低、黎苗聚落海拔高的特点；在聚居地规模上具有汉族聚居地规模大、黎苗聚居地规模小的特点。2)在用地布局上汉族多采用集约式布局，黎苗则为分散式布局；在街巷肌理上汉族聚落较为规整，黎苗趋向自由。3)在民居组织方式上汉族为围合式，黎苗为开放式；在建筑平面形制上汉族为合院式，黎苗为独栋式。海南岛的聚落景观多元化是建构在岛屿本身生态多样性和文化多样性的基础上的，可成为海南岛保护与开发的出发点和依据。

The Analysis of the Characteristics of Traditional Settlement Landscape of Hainan Island Ethnic Group Based on Language Zone

The diversified regional landscape composed of Han, Li and Miao ethnic groups is an organic part of the rural landscape of Hainan Island. Language is an important information carrier of ethnical culture. Based on the language zone of Hainan Island, through the methods of interdisciplinary, the key indications for characterizing traditional settlement landscapes are selected from macro, meso and micro levels. Then combined with GIS technology for comparative analysis, the paper summed up three remarkable characteristics as follow: 1) Compared with the Han nationality, the settlements of the Li and Miao ethnic minorities are located on a higher altitudes and smaller. 2) The settlement patterns of the Han nationality is clustered, while the Li and Miao ethnic minorities are dispersed. 3) The plan form of the Han nationality is more organized than Li and Miao ethnic minorities. The diversity of settlement landscape in Hainan Island is based on the ecological and cultural diversity of the island itself and should be the basis for the protection and development of Hainan Island.