我国城乡居民食用农产品消费需求弹性比较——基于2003-2012年省级面板数据

文章利用AIDS模型，采用省级面板数据，对城乡居民主要食用农产品消费支出弹性及需求价格弹性进行估算，分析预算支出和价格变动对食用农产品消费的影响。结果表明：城乡居民对水产品和肉禽的消费支出均富有弹性，对粮食、植物油、蛋类和鲜瓜果的消费支出均缺乏弹性。农村居民对肉禽和蔬菜的支出弹性明显高于城镇居民。城乡居民对水产品的需求量对价格波动很敏感，但对粮食、肉禽、植物油、蔬菜和鲜瓜果的自价格弹性均为缺乏弹性。价格波动对城镇居民食用农产品消费的影响更大，而收入变动对农村居民食用农产品消费的影响更大。以上发现可为政府采取差别化政策引导居民改善食品消费结构及促进农业结构升级提供借鉴。

Comparative Study on Demand Elasticity of Edible Agricultural Products of Urban and Rural Residents in China:Based on Provincial Panel Data from 2003 to 2012

This paper estimates the price and expenditure elasticity of main edible agricultural products for rural and urban residents by applying the AIDS model to the provincial panel data so as to study the impact of budget outlays and price fluctuations on the edible agricultural product consumption. According to the result of the empirical research, firstly, the rural and urban residents' expenditure of aquatic products and meat is elastic while the expenditure of grain, vegetable oil, eggs, and fresh fruits lacks elasticity. Secondly, the demand of aquatic products for rural and urban residents is sensitive to price fluctuation while the self price elasticity of grain, meat, vegetable oil, vegetables and fresh fruits is inelastic for both urban and rural residents. Thirdly, the food consumption of rural residents is susceptible to income variation while urban food consumption is susceptible to price fluctuations. The findings above can provide a reference for the government to improve residents' food consumption structure and optimize the agricultural structure with differentiated policies.