马克思劳动力价值价格界限理论初探

本文认为,马克思指出了实际生活中的工资运动不同于剩余价值生产分析中工资与劳动力价值相一致的理论假定;对现实中劳动力价值及工资运动的考察与正确把握,必须在劳动力价值价格界限的理论基础上来进行。这个理论揭示了工资由身体标准和社会标准确定,劳动力价值界限的决定要素是纯生理要素与社会历史要素;这个理论的实质,就是否定了工人所需生活资料是仅为劳动者生理需要部分提供生活资料的传统看法。如果工资没有达到劳动力两个界限所要求的内容,那么工资就低于劳动力价值,它成为工人在雇佣劳动制度下进行提高工资的斗争的理论依据。

On Marxism Theory of the Limits of the Value and Price of Labor

Marx has pointed out that the wage movement in real life is not according with the theoretical assumption that the wage should be the same as the value of labor. Only with the theory of the limits of the value and price of labor will we correctly understand and master the value of labor and wage movement. This theory bring to light that wage will be determined by both the physical and social standard. The essence of this theory is to deny the traditional idea that the means of livelihood needed by workers only can meet the needs of the worker's physiological requirement. If the wage is not high enough to reach the two limits of labor, the wage will be lower than the value of labor. And this will be the theoretical basis for the worker to fight for the improvement of their wages.