中国粮食贸易特征的原因分析与对策

改革开放以来,中国粮食的国际贸易表现出三个不和谐的特征:易位、反常与低效。通过对20多年来的粮食国际贸易状况进行实证分析,我国粮食贸易的不和谐源于缺乏价格优势、国内外粮食价格关系的不完全整合以及国内外粮食市场的弱质性联系,而更深层次的原因则在于制度供给的偏差和政府干预过度。所以,我国政府应减少干预力度,并制定与市场运行规则相兼容的政策,以确保粮食贸易的协调发展。

Analysis on the Characters of Chinese Grain Trade and Countermeasures

Since the reformation and opening, Chinese international trade of grain has manifested three non-harmonious characters, i.e. transposes, abnormality and inefficiency. Through positive analysis on the international trade of grain from 1978 to 2003 in China, this paper finds out that the reason of non-harmonious grain trade mainly lies in the lacking of price advantage, the imperfect integration of internal and external grain markets, and the infirmed connection of Chinese grain market and international market. However, the deep-going reason is the deviation of institutional supply and the excess of governmental intervention. Therefore, the government should cut down the intervention, and make some measures that match with the regulation of market to insure the harmonious development of grain economy.