环境适应性视角下的农民合作社治理结构重塑研究

[目的]结合对农民合作社发展所面临的内外部环境分析,探索基于环境适应性的农民合作社治理结构重塑方式。[方法]运用制度分析方法,对传统农民合作社治理所面临的"环境适应性"挑战进行分析,并构建基于环境适应性的农民合作社治理结构重塑的理论框架。[结果]农民合作社发展所面临的内外部环境正发生深刻变化,表现在市场竞争、消费需求、政策法律和技术、合作社内部管理等诸多方面。传统合作社的治理结构已无法适应内外部环境的变化,必须要进行产权结构重塑才能应对变化的环境,更好地履行合作社的职能和提升市场竞争力。[结论]农民合作社的治理结构重塑应以产权制度设计为核心。(1)明晰所有权,设计合理的合作社规模和有条件的社员资格,允许合作社股权交易;(2)明晰控制权,针对不同类型的决策事项设置不同的投票制度;(3)明晰收益权,设计兼顾效率与公平的剩余分配制度。

THE RECONSTRUCTION OF FARMER COOPERATIVES GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTABILITY

Based on the analysis of the internal and external environment faced by farmers'' cooperatives, the paper explored the reshaping method for the governance structure of farmers'' cooperatives based on environmental adaptability, analyzed the challenges of the environmental adaptation faced by the traditional cooperatives, and constructed the theoretical framework for the governance structure reconstruction of farmers'' cooperatives based on environmental adaptation. Farmers'' cooperatives had been facing a profound changing internal and external environment, including market competition, consumer demand, policy and technology, and internal management of cooperatives. The governance structure of traditional cooperatives was unable to adapt to the changes of internal and external environment. It was very necessary for cooperatives to improve the governance structure in order to respond to the changing circumstances, and better perform the functions of cooperatives and enhance the market competitiveness, including clearing the ownership, designing the reasonable size and qualified members, allowing the transaction of cooperatives equity, setting up different voting systems for different types of decision making, and designing the surplus allocation system with efficiency and fairness.