基于GIS的六安市茶叶种植适宜性评价研究

目的]调整和优化茶叶布局和生产,充分发挥六安市的自然资源优势。方法]以"县域耕地资源管理信息系统"为平台,选择与茶叶生长相关的养分、土壤、理化性状和立地条件等13个因子为评价指标,通过专家打分确定其权重,并建立层次分析模型和隶属函数模型,用累积频率曲线法实现六安市茶叶适宜性评价。结果]六安市适宜茶叶种植区面积为1.329 8万hm~2,占该市茶园面积的36.4%。结论]高度适宜区面积为5 504.3hm~2,主要分布于霍山县和金寨县,山高云雾缭绕、雨水充沛、空气相对湿度大、漫射光多、土壤疏松、土质肥沃;适宜区面积为7 793.3hm~2,主要分布在霍山县、金寨县和舒城县,生态环境相对于高度适宜区次之,土壤呈酸性、弱酸性反应,通透性良好,适种性广;勉强适宜区面积为1.820 3万hm~2,该市均有分布,水、肥、气和热较为协调,质地以沙壤和轻壤至中壤为主,排涝能力一般;不适宜区主要分布在水光热资源相对较差、土层极薄和排水困难的地区。

EVALUATION ON SUITABILITY FOR THE TEA PLANTING IN LUAN CITY BASED ON GIS

In order to adjust and optimize the layout and production of tea in Liuan city, and based on "County Land Resources Management Information System" as the platform, this paper evaluated the tea suitability in Luan city with the cumulative frequency curve method. The factors such as soil nutrient, physical and chemical properties and field conditions related to the growth of tea were selected as the evaluation indexes. The weight was determined with the expert scoring, then the hierarchy analysis model and membership function model were established. The results showed that there was 13297.6 hectares farmlands suitable for tea planting, accounting for 36.4% of the total area of tea garden. The most suitable area mainly located in Huoshan county and Jinzhai county with 5504.3 hectares. The suitable ecological area of 7793.3 hectares mainly distributed in Huoshan county, Jinzhai county and Shucheng county with the acidic and weak acid soil, good soil permeability, wide planting adaptability. The barely suitable field of 18202.9 hectares were scattered in the city with the water, fertilizer, gas and heat some coordinated soils of sandy and light loam and loam texture, general drainage capacity. The unsuitable area located in the garden with the extremely thin soil and difficult drainage areas of relatively poor water and heat resources.