基于K-modes的福建传统村落景观类型及其保护策略

福建传统村落景观具有历史悠久、风貌古朴、特色鲜明的地域特点,对其类型、分布及其典型特征的研究,是建设"乡愁"浓郁的"美丽乡村"和发挥福建传统村落历史价值和旅游价值的首要前提。首先借鉴相关研究学者对传统村落景观类型划分的研究,基于福建传统村落景观的实地调研情况,构建了福建传统村落景观类型划分的指标体系。其次运用K-modes方法,以截止2013年12月31日前评选出的福建省内具有国家级、省级称号的54个历史文化名村为研究样本,对其进行分类研究。第三根据分类结果,分析出福建省内存在闽江以北(包括闽江流域)综合文化村落景观区域、闽西客家村落景观区域、闽南红砖文化村落景观区域3个传统村落景观区,其中又包含闽东多元文化村落景观亚区、闽中混合文化村落景观亚区、闽北山林文化村落景观亚区、闽西田园文化村落景观亚区、闽西土楼文化村落景观亚区5个传统村落景观亚区。最后,依据福建传统村落景观的分布及其典型特征,提出对福建传统村落景观保护与运用的策略,即以景观区域分布为基础,发挥地域特色;以整体性的景观为载体,营造地域氛围;以典型景观特征为优势,塑造地域精品。

TRADITIONAL VILLAGE LANDSCAPE TYPES AND ITS PROTECTION STRATEGY IN FUJIAN BASED ON K-MODELS

Fujian traditional village landscape has widespread effect on the community due to its long history, ancient style and distinctive features. How to grasp the types, distribution and its typical characteristics and develop its regional advantage of Fujian traditional village landscape has important theoretical and practical significance on not only the construction of beautiful country and the new town with geographical features, but also the historical and tourism value of Fujian traditional village. Firstly, this article constructed the index system of the classification of the traditional village landscape based on the related research scholars of the classification of the traditional village landscape and combined with the characteristics of Fujian traditional village landscape. Then the special type of landscape was extracted based on the field survey and data collection of the landscape characteristics of Fujian traditional villages. Secondly, it used the K-mode method which suitable for clustering of categorical data to classify 54 traditional villages owned the title of national and provincial famous historical and cultural village. Thirdly, accorded to the classification results, it analyzed the distribution of Fujian traditional village landscape. The results showed that, there were three traditional village landscape region and five traditional village landscape sub-regions in Fujian province, i.e., the comprehensive cultural village landscape area in north Fujian, and the red brick culture village landscape area in south Fujian,the multicultural village landscape sub region in east Fujian, the mixed culture of the village landscape sub region in central Fujian,the mountain culture village landscape sub region in north Fujian,the Hakka cultural village landscape area in eastern Fujian,the Tulou culture village landscape sub region in western Fujian. Finally, on the basis of the distribution and its typical characteristics of Fujian traditional village landscape, the article put forward three suggestions for the protection of Fujian traditional village landscape: firstly it should refer to the landscape of regional distribution to exert local characteristics, secondly it should take the integrity of the landscape as the carrier to build regional atmosphere; finally,it should take the typical landscape features of their advantage to product regional high-quality goods. The research would have an important theoretical value and practical significance in the overall protection and inheritance of regional traditional village landscape in Fujian province.