农户参与乡村旅游扶贫适应性评价指标体系研究

构建农户参与乡村旅游扶贫适应性评价指标体系,以福建省福鼎市赤溪村参与乡村旅游扶贫的农户为调研对象,运用AHP(层次分析法)计算各指标的权重;根据农户调研实际情况,运用适应性评价模型对农户的适应性综合值进行计算并评价。结果表明:对农户参与乡村旅游扶贫适应性影响最大的是经济适应性因子,影响最小的是生态适应性因子;对乡村旅游扶贫政策的了解度、年旅游收入、家庭成员从事乡村旅游的意愿度以及对游客的欢迎度的综合权重较大,传统节庆活动的参与度、使用清洁能源程度的综合权重较小;总体评价为较为适应,但综合得分值较低,仅为3.106。最后,根据农户的实际适应性情况,提出完善乡村旅游基础设施、加大扶贫政策宣传力度、提高旅游扶贫政策利用程度、给予困难农户更大的扶持力度、创新旅游经营模式和实行多项扶持的发展建议。

Table 1 Adaptability evaluation index system for farmers' participation in rural tourism towards poverty alleviation

⑴ Background——With the rapid development of rural tourism and the increasing attention paid by the society to the "three rural issues",tourism poverty alleviation has attracted more and more attention from the government and scholars.As an important part of rural tourism towards poverty alleviation,the participation and adaptability of farmers is also one of the hotspots in rural tourism towards poverty alleviation research.⑵ Methods——The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is used to calculate the factors and index weights of adaptability evaluation index system for farmers' participation in rural tourism towards poverty alleviation.The adaptability of farmers is the target level.The economic adaptability,policy adaptability,social adaptability,cultural adaptability,psychological adaptability and ecological adaptability are the six factor layers,and the index layer consists of 21 indicators of the six factor layers.The evaluation model is used to calculate the adaptability score value of farmers,which is obtained by multiplying the corresponding index weight and index score and then accumulated.⑶ Results——Through the weight calculation and evaluation model analysis,the following results are obtained:①Economic adaptability factors have the greatest impact on the overall effect of farmers' participation in rural tourism towards poverty alleviation,followed by psychological adaptability factors.Among them,the comprehensive weight of annual tourism income and the willingness of family members to engage in rural tourism towards poverty alleviation is relatively larger.②The ecological adaptability factor has the smallest weight and the smallest impact on the adaptability effect of farmers,followed by the cultural adaptability factor.Among them,the consciousness of consciously protecting forestry resources,the way of treating domestic sewage(garbage) and the degree of using clean energy have less comprehensive weight.③The overall evaluation of the adaptability of rural households in Chixi Village to participate in rural tourism towards poverty alleviation is relatively adaptive,but the score is lower.The scores of economic adaptability factor and policy adaptability factor are relatively low,mainly due to the low understanding of policies for rural tourism towards poverty alleviation,the small number of people engaged in rural tourism,and the single tourism management projects.However,the space for rural tourism development is still huge.④According to the adaptability score of farmers,the types of farmers are classified.Among them,the types of complete adaptation and comparative in adaptation are less,and the type of comparative adaptation are the most,followed by the type of general adaptation.Except for the economic and policy adaptability factors,the scores of other factors are all over 4 in the type of complete adaptation.Compared with other types of peasant households,the scores of other factors are the lowest except for the cultural adaptability factor.The scores of policy adaptability factor of the types of comparative adaptation and general adaptation were lower,followed by economic adaptability factor.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——In general,the overall adaptability of farmers in Chixi Village to participate in rural tourism towards poverty alleviation is relatively adaptive,but the score is lower.Farmers' annual tourism income is not high,and there are still problems such as poor understanding of the poverty alleviation policies,low utilization rate,and single tourism management projects.From the perspective of improving the adaptability of farmers,it is recommended to improve rural tourism infrastructure,increase publicity on poverty alleviation policies,improve the utilization of tourism poverty alleviation policies,give greater support to difficult farmers,innovate tourism business models and implement a number of support initiatives.