云南省核桃产业精准扶贫效果研究

根据县域视角选择核桃传统生产大县、精准扶贫重点县——大理州漾濞县开展核桃产业发展现状及精准扶贫效果调研工作,分析结果表明:核桃产业在提高当地贫困户经济收入与促进当地就业方面的扶贫效果明显;但在核桃产业精准扶贫过程中,政府监管不到位,技术创新滞后,贫困户内生动力不足。因此,应充分依托当地资源,加强政策引导,发挥市场作用,整合生产要素,促进三产融合,激发动力,提升贫困户的参与度,从而更好地发挥核桃产业在精准扶贫中的作用。

Study on the Effect of Accurate Poverty Alleviation of Walnut Industry in Yunnan Province

⑴ Background——As the largest economic forest in Yunnan,walnut plays an important role in the process of poverty alleviation.The walnuts of the Yangbi Yi Autonomous County are famous at home and abroad for their fruit,thin shell,rich and thick taste,high flavor and high oil yield.At the same time,as one of the many poverty-stricken counties in Yunnan Province,Yangbi County has a very important theoretical and practical significance in how to make better use of the walnut industry to promote the county's economic development and achieve poverty alleviation.⑵ Methods——Yangbi County was selected as the research area for the relationship between the walnut industry and poverty alleviation work.Based on field surveys,interviews with forest farmers and relevant forestry departments,through the field research,interviews with relevant forestry departments,and corporate interviews,we will understand the development status of the walnut industry in the study area and the current situation of poverty alleviation.The statistical data comes from the official data released by the website of the People's Government of Yunnan Province,Dali Prefecture Government and Yangbi County.⑶ Results——As one of the important industries in Yangbi County,walnut is one of the main incomes of local farmers' family economy.It has also become an important industry to solve local poverty problems.It has played an important role in achieving accurate poverty alleviation and has produced great results.The county relied on the walnut industry to achieve economic growth,and at the same time,due to the low barriers to entry of the walnut industry,it has greatly promoted the employment of the relevant industries.In 2017,the per capita disposable income of permanent residents increased by 8.2% and the per capita disposable income of rural permanent residents increased by 9.5% year-on-year in Yangbi County.As of September 2018,61 farmers' professional cooperatives such as the Fuheng Planting Farmers Professional Cooperative have promoted the establishment of 1574 households with 5290 poor households and two leading enterprises such as Dali Rongwei Walnut Machinery Manufacturing Co. Ltd. led to the establishment of 726 households with 2900 poor households in Yangbi County.However,it is also clear that the walnut industry still has many problems in the process of precision poverty alleviation.At present,the industry is still pursuing short-term benefits in the context of poverty alleviation,ignoring whether it has promoted the industry and whether it will make relevant claims for the poor.Although the government has introduced a series of policies to encourage the development of the walnut industry,it has neglected the construction of the market supervision system in the later period,resulting in no obvious effect on poverty alleviation.In addition,the deep processing technology of eucalyptus walnuts is backward,most of the enterprises have single varieties,product development is in keeping with the old,and there is no enthusiasm for market development.Finally,some poor households lack initiative,participation and enthusiasm in the process of getting rid of poverty,and even some people return to poverty,which has seriously hindered the realization of the goal of poverty alleviation,resulting in the unequal effect of walnut industry development and poverty alleviation.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——In summary,based on the problems in the precision poverty alleviation process of the walnut industry in Yangbi County,this study proposes the following aspects.Yangbi County should fully rely on local resources,strengthen policy guidance,play the role of the market,integrate production factors,promote the integration of three industries,stimulate the power,and enhance the participation of poor households,so as to better play the role of the walnut industry in precision poverty alleviation.