“公平分配”的理念纷争及其对构建和谐社会的启示

中国的收入分配悬殊已到了非常严峻的地步.实现公平正义的分配是建设和谐社会的当务之急.从起点公平、规则公平、结果公平的含义分析出发,对功利主义、自由主义、罗尔斯主义等观点进行考察后发现,诺齐克崇尚权利的"持有正义论"与罗尔斯的"最少受惠者福利最大化"两种理论的结合,对我国和谐社会下的公平分配具有较强的借鉴意义.具体而言,当前中国分配政策的制定和调整应致力于机会均等、权利保障和保护弱势群体三个方面.

Ideological Disputes over Fair Income Distribution and Their Revelations to the Contruction of Harmonious Society

The income distribution with a wide gap in China has already reached a very severe stage.It has become a top-priority task to realize the justice of distribution in the construction of a harmonious society.This paper begins with the analysis of the meanings about starting-point justice,rule justice and result justice,followed by a review over utilitarianism,liberalism and Rawlsianism,and finds out that the combination of Rawls' Welfare Theory about "Maximizing the welfare of a least beneficiary" and Nozick's "justice holding theory" has valuable referential use for the fair distribution in the harmonious society of our country,To put it specifically,the formulation and adjustment of China's distribution policy at present should be devoted to offering equal opportunities,safeguarding rights and protecting the disadvantaged groups.