我国西北绿洲的合理规模及其农业发展方向

西北干旱区河流上中游的人工绿洲基本稳定,下游人工与天然绿洲萎缩,主要原因是人类过度引用水资源和上中游用水超量所致。当前绿洲区耕地规模过大,水资源已超载,改变粗放型灌溉农业为节水高效型灌溉农业是该区农业发展的必由之路。西北绿洲区尚不具备成为国家粮食基地的资源与区位优势,应在粮食自给有余的基础上,巩固国家级棉花生产基地的地位,大力发展畜牧业,以及瓜果与特色经济作物,建成我国以肉、毛、乳为主的畜产品生产与加工基地和以葡萄、瓜果与特色经济作物为主的生产与加工基地。

THE REASONABLE SCALE AND ITS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION FOR THE NORTHWEST OASIS OF CHINA

The artificial oasis at the upper and middle reaches of rivers in the Northwest arid region is stable,but the artificial and natural oasis at the down reaches of rivers is withered.The main cause is the overtaken of water resources by mankind at the upper and middle reaches of rivers.At present,the scale of arable lands at oasis is too big,and the load of water resources is surcharged.The only way out is to change the irrigated farming of thick type to irrigated farming of water saving and high efficient type.Oasis in Northwest China has no advantages in resources and potential for becoming national grain production base.So on the basis of grain self-support and superabundant,we should strengthen the cotton production base of national grade,vigorously develop animal husbandry,fruit industry and cash crops with special characteristics,so as to establish production and processing bases for animal products of meat,wool and milk,as well as for cash crop products with special characteristics like grape,melon and fruit etc..