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Examining the impacts of community and organization embeddedness on self-initiated expatriates: the moderating role of expatriate-dominated private sector
Authors:Ka In Helena Lo  IpKin Anthony Wong  C M Richard Yam  Richard Whitfield
Institution:1. Institute for Tourism Studies , Macau , P.R. China helenalo@ift.edu.mo;3. Institute for Tourism Studies , Macau , P.R. China;4. City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong, P.R. China;5. University of Saint Joseph , Macau , P.R. China
Abstract:With a newly developed dimension of the job embeddedness construct and the aim to better understand turnover, this study investigates the relationships of job embeddedness with shocks and turnover intention for an important emerging group in the worldwide workforce – self-initiated expatriates (SEs). We consider three embedding factors: individuals' community embeddedness towards their home country (home country community embeddedness – HomeCCE – newly developed), embeddedness towards the organization in which they are employed in the host country (host country organization embeddedness – HostCOE) and embeddedness towards the host country community (host country community embeddedness – HostCCE). Structural equation modelling is applied to a sample of SEs from 10 three-star to five-star hotels in the Macau SAR of China. This research shows that HostCOE plays a mediating role between a SEs' HomeCCE and turnover intention and willingness to accept unsolicited job offers; and these mediated relationships are moderated by the variables: expatriate-dominated private sector and the SEs' HostCCE. These findings shed light on factors that affect the retention of SEs and have implications for management and future research.
Keywords:expatriate-dominated private sector  home country community embeddedness  host country community embeddedness  host country organization embeddedness  job embeddedness  self-initiated expatriates
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