乡村旅游开发土地收储阶段居民意愿特征与细分机制——基于扎根理论的研究

作为土地增值收益再分配过程的土地收储,不断导致乡村旅游开发中各利益主体间的矛盾与冲突。识别居民对土地收储意愿态度特征及其作用机制,不但有助于乡村旅游开发土地收储的顺利进行,更对维持乡村社会稳定具有重要意义。文章以河北W村为例,采用扎根理论对非参与式观察和深度访谈法获取的536条数据资料进行层级编码分析,探析乡村旅游开发土地收储阶段居民征地意愿及其特征。研究发现,居民在土地收储阶段的意愿会依据个体条件产生差异化价值需求,并根据需求的被满足程度形成积极响应、条件支持、矛盾屈从和顽强抵抗4种典型形态。通过扎根理论形成的"条件-需求-意愿"作用路径,可对意愿细分形成原因进行阐释,其本质是人地关系地域系统中地理环境影响人行为选择的一种具体表现。

Residents Willingness Characteristics and Segmentation Mechanism in the Land Expropriation for Rural Tourism Development--A Study Based on Grounded Theory

The degree of dependence on rural tourism is increasing.As a milestone event of rural tourism development,land expropriation means that rural residents will completely lose the means of production that they have relied on for a long time,and their production and life style will undergo fundamental changes.At the same time,land expropriation is a process of redistribution of land valueadded income.As a result,land expropriation has led to conflicts and conflicts among multiple stakeholders in rural tourism.As the natural owner of the village,the willingness and attitude of rural residents to land will directly affect the process and outcome of rural tourism development.Therefore,determining the willingness characteristics and mechanism of residents land expropriation is of great significance to the stable development of rural tourism and rural social stability.Taking W village in Hebei province as the case,536 data items of 67 stakeholders on the stage of land expropriation for rural tourism development were obtained through non-participant observation and in-depth interview.The hierarchical coding and repeated comparison of these data were carried out with the grounded theory method,and community residents willingness and characteristics of land expropriation for rural tourism development were analyzed.The results showed that the willingness of rural residents in the stage of land expropriation for rural tourism development generate different value demands according to individual conditions.At the same time,according to the degree of satisfaction of the demand,it forms four typical forms of active response,conditional support,contradictory submission and tenacious resistance.According to the study,even during relatively short land expropriation,the willingness of rural residents to acquire land for tourism development will be subdivided.The reason for the formation of willingness subdivision can be explained by the"condition-demand-willingness"action path formed by the grounded theory.That is to say,the individual environmental conditions of the residents are different,and different conditions make the residents expectations of land expropriation different.In the process,residents will measure the extent to which their expectations and requirements are achieved,and the extent to which residents are aware of how much they expect to achieve will also lead to different attitudes.For individual residents,the willingness of rural residents to develop tourism depends on whether they meet their respective conditions and requirements based on their conditions,and form a differentiated form of will according to the degree of satisfaction.From the perspective of relation between people and land area system,if the rural residents individual characteristics and characteristics of the environment as a geographical elements,and their willingness to land expropriation for tourism development as the cultural elements,in fact,the"conditions-demandwillingness"is essentially a geographical element of the role relationship by influencing human needs,as intermediary variables,and eventually led to the cultural factor,psychological or changes in the behavior choice.Its essence is the embodiment of the regional system theory of human-land relationship in the tourism system.