我国城市低保家庭脆弱性的比较分析

城市居民最低生活保障制度在中国的实施已经10多年，在对这一领域的诸多讨论中，有一个问题仍未得到令人满意的回答：城市低保家庭的总体特征是什么？影响因素是什么？城市居民家庭潜在风险是什么？本文试图引进脆弱性作为贫困分析的总体框架，通过一个全国性调查样本的分析，来定量考察城市低保家庭整体性的贫困。实证调查结果显示，城市低保家庭脆弱性表现在：从业上的不利；由于收入和支出上的劣势导致的生存脆弱性；教育投入和子女营养的双重不足的发展脆弱性；城市低保家庭存在多种潜在风险；低保家庭父辈和子辈在收入、就业、职业和社会资本方面有很强的传递性。为此，本文还探讨了城市低保家庭长期贫困的内在机理，提出了加强低保家庭的分类管理和个案管理，开展长期性和临时救助计划，提供全面救助服务的政策建议。

A Comparative Analysis on Vulnerability of Families Receiving the Minimum Living Standard Guarantee in. Urban China

It has been ten years since the minimum living standard guarantee system was introduced in urban China. Among many discussions in this field, the question was still not favorably answered is what is the general profile of the families receiving minimum living standard guarantee （MLSG） Wht,t factors affect the development of these families？ What are the potential risks for urban families？ Using a quantitative method, this article applies vulnerability to families in urban China as an analytical framework, to examiine the general poverty of urban families. The empirical findings show that the vulnerability of the MLSG fitmilies reflect in these aspects： disadvantage in labor market; survival vulnerability attributing to their low income and expenditure; developmental vulnerability on insufficient educational investment and children＇s malnutrition; potential risks facing minimum living standard assistant families, inter - generation transfer of income, employment, career and social capital This article discusses the mechanism of long - term poverty of MLSG families as well and proposes the policy suggestions as follows： enhancing the categorical and case management of MLSG families, introducing both long - term and temporary assistance plan and providing comprehensive assistance service for MLSG families.