乡村振兴背景下农村返贫困防治探讨——基于政府和农民的视角

贫困存在多种原因，返贫困防治应瞄准根源，多视角精准施力。从政府角度来看，后续政策支持缺乏、对扶贫"政绩指向"的错误理解、扶贫政策执行中的偏差、"三变改革"中遭遇市场风险等会导致农民返贫。对农民而言，懒散思想、自身素质和观念、不可抗力因素、就业创业失败也会导致返贫。因此，政府应该改变资金与物质扶贫方式，以产业支撑助推返贫困治理，进一步完善农村合作医疗体系和教育扶贫开发实践，以实现共同发展的扶贫目标。与此同时，还应激发贫困群众脱贫内生动力，提升治愚、扶智力度，加强乡贤文化建设。

Discussion on the Prevention and Control of the Return to Poverty under the Background of Rural Revitalization —From the Perspective of Government and Farmers

There are many factors for poverty. The prevention and control of the return to poverty requires that the root causes be accurately aimed at and precise efforts be exerted from multiple perspectives. From the government's point of view, the backslide to poverty mainly results from the causes including the lack of follow-up policy support, the "performance orientation" in poverty alleviation, the lack of endogenous motivation in the methods of poverty alleviation and the market risks encountered in the "Three Changes" reform. For farmers, their "lazy thinking", their own quality and belief, force majeure factors, and failure in employment and entrepreneurship may also lead to the return of poverty. Therefore, we should change the ways of poverty alleviation by means of funds and materials, prevent the backslide to poverty with industrial support, further improve the rural cooperative medical system and the practice of poverty alleviation by education, and coordinate the government's assistance resources so as to achieve the common development in poverty alleviation. At the same time, we should construct multi-dimensional anti-poverty measures by stimulating the endogenous motive force of the poor people, curbing foolishness, supporting intelligence, and strengthening the cultural construction of the township sages.