从维权到谋利——农民上访行为逻辑变迁的一个解释框架

受国家发展战略转型、意识形态的约制和压力型信访治理体制等因素的影响，在当前乡村社会中。谋利型上访开始凸显并呈现出蔓延趋势。在此基础上，还涌现了一批上访专业户群体，对基层信访治理工作构成了极大威胁，上访产业渐趋雏形。基层信访治理已经超越了单纯的上访钉子户治理问题，而裹挟着更为浓厚的治理谋利型上访尤其是上访专业户的色彩。解决信访问题的根本之道，在于调整国家的信访维稳战略，还原专断权力行使的正当性与合法性，让国家权力能够在正常的治理轨道上运作。由此，通过谋利型上访这一概念的建构，不仅可以更为真切地理解农民上访行为逻辑的变迁，而且能够深化对信访制度的理解，进而来检讨中国国家政权建设和国家治理转型的成效。

From Right-protection to Benefit-seeking:A Frame of Explanation for the Changing Logic behind Farmer Petition

As a result of the shift of the nation＇s developmental strategy, the restriction of ideology and the deficiency of the governing system of pressure petition, benefit-seeking petition in rural areas is growing remarkably and extensively. To top it off, a group of professionat petitioners is emerging, posing a threat to the grassroots system of petition governance. An industry of petition is taking shape. The grassroots petition governance system is now overwhelmed not only by those tough and uncompromising petitioners, but also by benefit-seeking petitioners and professional petitioners. The real solution to the issue of petition, this author maintains, lies in the adjustment of the strategy of ensuring social stability in handling petition and restore legitimacy to the use of absolute arbitrary power, thereby allowing the state power to operate on a normal governing course. The construction of the concept of benefit-seeking petition allows us not only to apprehend the changing logic behind the petition acts of the farmers, but also to deepen our understanding of the petition system and to evaluate the efficiency of China＇s state power construction and state governance transformation.